![]() ![]() These tumors are expected to respond to TKIs but no association with prognosis has been shown. ITD mutations in exon 8 of c-Kit are less common and have been detected in two to five percent of canine cutaneous MCTs. MCTs with such mutations are highly aggressive, but respond to tyrosine kinase-inhibiting (TKI) therapies. ITD mutations in exon 11 of c-Kit have been detected in about 20 to 30 percent of canine cutaneous MCTs. In addition, multiple studies have shown that additional local therapy is not necessary for MCTs with dirty or narrow margins that have low proliferation indices. Research indicates that neoplastic cell proliferation activity cannot reliably be predicted using a single measure, but prognoses developed from this combination of tests are highly correlated with survival and metastasis. The number of AgNORs correlates with the speed of cell proliferation. ![]() Immunolabeling for Ki-67 determines the number of proliferating cells. PCR testing is recommended for all high grade mast cell tumors, and, if negative, IHC for KIT protein is recommended. The complete panel is recommended for all low grade mast cell tumors. The panel includes cell proliferation analysis (Ki-67, AgNORs), c-Kit PCR to detect internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations in exon 11 and exon 8, and KIT immunohistochemistry to analyze expression of this tyrosine kinase receptor. The MSU VDL offers these additional tests in the form of a mast cell tumor prognostic panel. ![]() Immunohistochemical (IHC) and PCR testing can then provide additional prognostic information and assist in determining treatment strategies. This two-tier system has been shown to be highly predictive of prognosis as well as to have very low interobserver variation compared to the previously used three tier Patnaik system. The prognosis of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) begins with grading using a two-tier system of low and high grade that was developed by our laboratory. ![]()
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